RLHF vs DPO for Alignment

Aligning a base language model into a helpful assistant requires preference tuning. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is rapidly replacing Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF).

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The Complexity of RLHF

RLHF requires maintaining three separate models during training: the base model, a reward model, and a reference model. This requires immense VRAM and is notoriously unstable to train due to the PPO algorithm.

Why DPO Wins

DPO reformulates the problem to directly optimize the policy using cross-entropy loss on preference pairs (chosen vs rejected). It eliminates the need for a separate reward model, cutting memory requirements and dramatically increasing training stability.

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